Bibliography - Dr. Mark Francis Gardiner B.A., Ph.D., F.S.A., M.I.F.A.
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Saxon Settlement and Land Division in the Western Weald, by Mark Gardiner, published 1984 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 122, article, pp.75-84) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 9140] & The Keep [LIB/500309] & S.A.S. library

Charcoal Burner's Hut in Fittleworth Wood, Fittleworth, by Mark Gardiner, published 1984 in Sussex Industrial History (issue no. 14, article, pp.16-18) accessible at: The Keep [LIB/506525]   Download PDF

The archaeology of woodland industries is a relatively neglected field of study, for the remains produced by these activities are generally very slight. Within Fittleworth Wood though, there is considerable earthwork evidence for both stone-quarrying and wood-using industries. Among the coppice stools are former saw-pits, some shallow quarries and adjacent spoil-tips produced by stone extraction; there is also the earthwork remains of a circular hut.

Planned Medieval Land Division in Withyham, East Sussex, by Mark Gardiner, published 1985 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 123, article, pp.109-114) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 9514] & The Keep [LIB/500310] & S.A.S. library

An Early Anglo-Saxon Settlement Site at Botolphs, West Sussex: an interim report on excavations, by Mark Gardiner, published 1986 (pamphlet, Field Archaeology Unit, University of London) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 9663]

Ellingsdean, A Viking Battlefield Identified, by Mark Gardiner and Richard Coates, published 1987 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 125, historical note, pp.251-252) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 9994] & The Keep [LIB/500304] & S.A.S. library

Excavations at Testers, White Horse Square, Steyning, 1985, by Mark Gardiner, published 1988 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 126, article, pp.53-76) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 10371] & The Keep [LIB/500303] & S.A.S. library

The South East to AD1000, by Peter Drewett, David Rudling and Mark Gardiner, published 9 May 1988 (384 pp., London: Longman, ISBN-10: 0582492726 & ISBN-13: 9780582492721) accessible at: West Sussex Libraries & East Sussex Libraries

Some Lost Anglo-Saxon Charters and the Endowment of Hastings College, by Mark Gardiner, published 1989 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 127, article, pp.39-48) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 10604] & The Keep [LIB/500302] & S.A.S. library

A Medieval Anthropomorphic Jug from Crawley, by Mark Gardiner, published 1989 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 127, archaeological note, pp.247-249) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 10604] & The Keep [LIB/500302] & S.A.S. library

Ford Deserted Village, by Mark Gardiner, published 1989 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 127, archaeological note, pp.249-251) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 10604] & The Keep [LIB/500302] & S.A.S. library

Anglo-Saxon and Medieval Settlement at Botolphs, Bramber, West Sussex , by Mark Gardiner, published 1990 (Academic Journal Offprint From Journal Royal Archaeological Institute 147 , 32 pp.) accessible at: West Sussex Libraries

An Anglo Saxon and Mediaeval Settlement at Botolphs, Bramber, West Sussex, by Mark Gardiner, Caroline Cartwright and others, published 1990 in The Archaeological Journal (vol. 147, article, pp.216-275)   View Online

Three early Anglo-Saxon sunken-featured buildings dating to the late fifth or early sixth century were discovered during excavation. Finds suggest that stamp-decorated and grass-tempered pottery was made in the settlement. Burnt daub with a lime-washed surface was found, possibly from other, larger buildings. In the late tenth or early eleventh century the site was reoccupied. Traces of five timber buildings from this second phase of activity were recorded to the south of the parish church, which was built (or rebuilt) during this period. Other structures including a well and fence-line were excavated. During the later medieval period the area examined was probably part of the glebe of the parish of Botolphs. A ditch and rubbish pits of the later thirteenth and fourteenth centuries found here are to be associated with the nearby vicarage.

The Archaeology of the Weald - a Survey and a Review, by Mark Gardiner, published 1990 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 128, article, pp.33-54) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 11106] & The Keep [LIB/500301] & S.A.S. library

The Site of St. Bartholomew's Hospital, Rye, by Mark Gardiner, published 1990 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 128, archaeological note, pp.251-252) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 11106] & The Keep [LIB/500301] & S.A.S. library

Some Evidence for an Intended Collegiate Church at Pevensey, by Mark Gardiner and Chris Whittick, published 1990 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 128, historical note, pp.261-262) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 11106] & The Keep [LIB/500301] & S.A.S. library

The Excavation of a Medieval Aisled Hall at Park Farm, Salehurst, East Sussex, by Mark Gardiner, Gwen Jones and David Martin, published 1991 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 129, article, pp.81-98) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 11694] & The Keep [LIB/500295] & S.A.S. library

Recent Work on the Earthworks at Isfield, East Sussex, by Mark Gardiner, published 1992 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 130, article, pp.140-146) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 11918] & The Keep [LIB/500289] & S.A.S. library

The Excavation of a Late Anglo-Saxon Settlement at Market Field, Steyning, 1988-1989, by Mark Gardiner, published 1993 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 131, article, pp.21-67) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 12210] & The Keep [LIB/500300] & S.A.S. library

An Earthwork at Tottingworth, Heathfield, by Mark Gardiner, published 1993 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 131, article, pp.68-72) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 12210] & The Keep [LIB/500300] & S.A.S. library

Archaeological Assessment of Land to the North and West of Steyning Library, Church Street, Steyning, West Sussex , by Chris Greatorex and Mark Gardiner, published 1994 accessible at: West Sussex Libraries

A Collection of Late Anglo-Saxon pottery from St Mary's Church, Walberton, by Chris Place and Mark Gardiner, published 1994 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 132, shorter article, p.194) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 12979] & The Keep [LIB/500294] & S.A.S. library

Medieval settlement and society in the eastern Sussex Weald before 1420, by Mark Francis Gardiner, 1995 at University of London (Ph.D. thesis)

Aspects of the History and Archaeology of Medieval Seaford, by Mark Gardiner, published 1995 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 133, article, pp.189-212) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 13209] & The Keep [LIB/500288] & S.A.S. library

The geography and peasant rural economy of the eastern Sussex High Weald, 1300-1420, by Mark Gardiner, published 1996 (academia.edu)   View Online

Excavations at Lewes Friary 1985-1986 and 1988-1989, by Mark Gardiner and Others, published 1996 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 134, article, pp.71-124) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 13390] & The Keep [LIB/500296] & S.A.S. library

The Geography and Peasant Rural Economy of the Eastern Sussex High Weald, 1300-1420, by Mark Gardiner, published 1996 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 134, article, pp.125-140) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 13390] & The Keep [LIB/500296] & S.A.S. library

Knapp Farm, Bosham. a significant Find of Bronze Age Pottery, by Mark Gardiner and Sue Hamilton, published 1997 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 135, article, pp.71-92) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 13642] & The Keep [LIB/500290] & S.A.S. library

Archaeological excavations in Steyning, 1992-1995. Further Evidence for the Evolution of a Late Saxon Small Town, by Mark Gardiner and Chris Greatorex, published 1997 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 135, article, pp.143-172) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 13642] & The Keep [LIB/500290] & S.A.S. library

Fieldwork and excavation on the Robertsbridge bypass, 1985, by Mark Gardiner, published 1997 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 135, shorter article, pp.301-308) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 13642] & The Keep [LIB/500290] & S.A.S. library

Lewes Priory: Excavations by Richard Lewis, 1969-82, by Malcolm A. B. Lyne and Mark Gardiner, published June 1997 (197 pp., Lewes: Lewes Priory Trust, ISBN-10: 095308390X & ISBN-13: 9780953083909) accessible at: The Keep [LIB/503443] & West Sussex Libraries & East Sussex Libraries

A detailed record of the findings of Richard Lewis who died before he could publish the results of his work.

The Characterization of Medieval Wealden Settlements. Excavations at Ivenden, Combe Farm, Mayfield, East Sussex, by Mark Gardiner, published 1998 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 136, article, pp.95-110) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 13921] & The Keep [LIB/500297] & S.A.S. library

Romney Marsh: Environmental Change and Human Occupation in a Coastal Lowland , by Jill Eddison, Mark Gardiner and Anthony Long, published 1 December 1998 (220 pp., Oxford University School of Archaeology, ISBN-10: 0947816461 & ISBN-13: 9780947816469) accessible at: The Keep [LIB/500170]

Twelve papers exploring the development of Romney Marsh, a spit of land battered by some of Britain's stormiest seas. Topics range from the physical evolution and sediment layers to landscape transformation in late medieval and early modern times, and malarial trends. There are four papers on geomorphological developments, one about field archaeology and seven historical entries

Late Saxon Sussex c.650-1066, by Mark Gardiner, published 1 January 1999 in An Historical Atlas of Sussex (pp.30-31, Chichester: Phillimore & Co. Ltd, ISBN-10: 1860771122 & ISBN-13: 9781860771125) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 14026][Lib 18777] & The Keep [LIB/501686][LIB/508903] & West Sussex Libraries & East Sussex Libraries

Domesday Settlement, by Mark Gardiner and Heather Warne, published 1 January 1999 in An Historical Atlas of Sussex (pp.34-35, Chichester: Phillimore & Co. Ltd, ISBN-10: 1860771122 & ISBN-13: 9781860771125) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 14026][Lib 18777] & The Keep [LIB/501686][LIB/508903] & West Sussex Libraries & East Sussex Libraries

The Medieval Rural Economy and Landscape, by Mark Gardiner, published 1 January 1999 in An Historical Atlas of Sussex (pp.38-39, Chichester: Phillimore & Co. Ltd, ISBN-10: 1860771122 & ISBN-13: 9781860771125) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 14026][Lib 18777] & The Keep [LIB/501686][LIB/508903] & West Sussex Libraries & East Sussex Libraries

Medieval Markets and Ports, by John Bleach and Mark Gardiner, published 1 January 1999 in An Historical Atlas of Sussex (pp.42-43, Chichester: Phillimore & Co. Ltd, ISBN-10: 1860771122 & ISBN-13: 9781860771125) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 14026][Lib 18777] & The Keep [LIB/501686][LIB/508903] & West Sussex Libraries & East Sussex Libraries

Rethinking the early medieval settlement of woodlands: evidence from the western Sussex Weald, by Diana Chatwin and Mark Gardiner, published 2005 in Landscape History, the journal of the Society for Landscape Studies (vol. 27, issue 1, article, pp.31-49)   View Online

The assumptions underlying the interpretation of the early medieval settlement of woodland are challenged through a detailed study of the Weald in western Sussex. The patterns of usage of woodland in England were very varied, and each area needs to be looked at individually. Systems of woodland exploitation did not simply develop from extensive to intensive, but may have taken a number of different forms during the early medieval period. In one area of the Weald, near to Horsham, the woodland appears to have been systematically divided up between different estates. This implies that woodland settlement may not always have developed organically, but this type of landscape could have been planned. It is argued that the historical complexity of woodland landscapes has not been recognised because the evidence has been aggregated. Instead, each strand of evidence needs to be evaluated separately.

Landscapes of failure: the archaeology of flooded wetlands at Titchwell and Thornham (Norfolk) and Broomhill (East Sussex), by Mark Gardiner and Barrie Hartwell, published 2006 in Journal of Wetland Archaeology (vol. 6, issue 1, article, pp.37-60)   View Online

Broomhill was flooded in the late thirteenth century, but earlier flood events are identified from a study of the earthworks. The position of thirteenth-century scour holes was recorded and evidence for the medieval pre-flood landscape noted

Accounts and Records of the Manor of Mote in Iden 1441-1551, 1673, edited by Mark Gardiner and Christopher Whittick, published 1 August 2011 (vol. 92, lxxxv + 314 pp., Sussex Record Society, ISBN-10: 0854450742 & ISBN-13: 9780854450749) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 17925] & The Keep [LIB/500469][Lib/507875] & West Sussex Libraries & East Sussex Libraries   View Online

The accounts of the manor of Mote provide an exceptional insight into provincial society towards the end of the Middle Ages set against the background of national affairs. In 1460 Sir John Scott, a minor Kent lord, bought the Sussex manor of Mote. In that same year, he made the momentous decision to support the landing of the Yorkist lords, opened the gates of Canterbury and paved the way for the accession of Edward IV. Scott subsequently emerged as a close servant of the new king and was showered with offices and the properties of attainted Lancastrians.
The creation of a fashionable brick 'castle' at Mote to proclaim Scott's new status is detailed in these accounts. The decision to start work was taken in 1466 and building continued for a decade. The establishment of a brick kiln, the supply of stone from Eastbourne and Cranbrook, ironwork from Woodchurch and glass from Calais are all recorded. Scott also re-organized agriculture at Mote, digging up woodland to create new fields and building his herd of cattle. He built a dock near Rye to ship firewood to the English enclave of Calais, where he was himself established as Marshal. The accounts also record the purchases made to sustain a gentry household, and contain a wealth of information about supplies and provisioning in the hinterland of Rye and Romney Marsh.
The accounts record the local business of the Scott household in the broader context of the struggles of the Yorkists and Lancastrians. Echoes of the Readeption crisis of 1470 are found here: Sir John was briefly exiled and Lady Agnes Scott took over the running of the estate, and struggled to collect the rents from tenants uncertain of the future. Perhaps in expectation of a siege, she also stocked the manor with meat and wheat and had her husband's armour cleaned.
The Mote accounts are complemented by near-contemporary coin rolls and rentals of 1478 and 1673, the latter supported by maps. The context of these records is explained by a detailed introduction which discusses the accounts, the manor and its lords from the 13th to the 20th century, including its tenure by the Catholic Scotts and Puritan Powells. It concludes with a wider study, supported by appendix, of feudal tenure in the Weald of Sussex.

Sussex Record Society volume 92 is an edition, in translation, of four groups of documents held at East Sussex Record Office, relating to the manor of Mote in Iden, covering the period 1442 to 1673. They are manorial accounts (1464-1484); a court roll of the manor (1442-1551); a rental of the manor (1478); and asurvey (1673).
The text is preceded by an introduction which sets out their historical context. It examines the descent of the manor, its purchase by Sir John Scott in 1460, his career and character and the management of his demesne and household at Mote. Scott, a minor Kent lord, supported the landing of the Yorkist lords in 1460 and subsequently became a close servant to the new king, Edward IV. As befitting a man on the rise, Scott embarked on an ambitious building project at Mote from 1466 - detailed in the accounts - which included the creation of a fashionable brick 'castle'. The accounts of household expenditure show that despite successful management of the demesne the household was not self-sufficient; foodstuffs were bought locally, often directly from the producer or, for larger quantities, from local towns. Other items, including ironmongery, domestic utensils and cloth and clothing (the latter usually for the servants) were also bought locally.
The introduction also describes the later descent of the manor, the history of the archive and the diplomatic nature of the documents. The final part considers the use of stock-deeds and the nature of manorial tenure in the Weald of Sussex, and sets out the editorial conventions used in the text.
This is a very impressive volume, reflecting considerable skill and erudition on the part of the editors, not only in translating and editing the documents but in providing them with such a robust and scholarly introduction.