Publications
A new conceptual groundwater-flow system for the central South Downs aquifier, by T. Keating, B.Sc., M.Sc.,Ph.D., C.Math., F.I.M.A., and D. Howarth, B.Sc., Ph.D., C.Eng., M.I.C.E., published August 2003 in Water and Environment Journal (vol. 17, issue 3, article, pp.135-139) View Online
Abstract:In Water Resources Plan submissions to the Environment Agency in 1999, water companies predicted increases in demand over the next twenty-five years. With significant environmental and economic constraints on new resource developments, attention has focused upon the potential savings that water-efficiency measures can achieve.
The use of water for toilet flushing accounts for about 30% of household consumption, thereby offering considerable potential for water saving. The conversion of existing single-flush siphonic cisterns to dual-flush operation could be one method of achieving a desired reduction in water use, in accordance with the 'twin-track' approach to balancing supply and demand.
This small study, which was jointly funded by Southern Water and the Environment Agency, sought to measure the effectiveness of dual-flush toilets in reducing water consumption through an eight-month study of five retrofit devices which were installed in thirty-three unmetered domestic properties in West Sussex.
The use of water for toilet flushing accounts for about 30% of household consumption, thereby offering considerable potential for water saving. The conversion of existing single-flush siphonic cisterns to dual-flush operation could be one method of achieving a desired reduction in water use, in accordance with the 'twin-track' approach to balancing supply and demand.
This small study, which was jointly funded by Southern Water and the Environment Agency, sought to measure the effectiveness of dual-flush toilets in reducing water consumption through an eight-month study of five retrofit devices which were installed in thirty-three unmetered domestic properties in West Sussex.