Bibliography - S.A.C. 2014 (vol. 152)
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Sussex Archaeological Collections: Relating to the history and antiquities of East and West Sussex, published 2014 (vol. 152, Sussex Archæological Society) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 18617] & The Keep [LIB/508097] & S.A.S. library   View Online

Suburban development on the Stanford Estate in Brighton and Hove in Sussex c1869-1939 , by Sue Berry, published 2014 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 152, article) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 18617] & The Keep [LIB/508097] & S.A.S. library   View Online

Two generations of the Stanford family built up an estate and a further two then lived off the proceeds of its sale for housing. Between 1869 and the late 1930s, this estate developed as a substantial area of Victorian, Edwardian and Interwar housing aimed largely at the 'middle classes' of Brighton and Hove; most sold steadily and have survived. The estate made the mistake of insisting on huge houses beside the sea in Hove, believing that there was a very profitable market for them. That scheme proved hard to sell and a considerable number have been demolished. This brief study examines the development of this thousand-acre estate and the disposition of the profits.

Quarrying the Mixon Reef at Selsey, West Sussex , by David and Anne Bone, published 2014 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 152, article) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 18617] & The Keep [LIB/508097] & S.A.S. library   View Online

The Mixon Reef off Selsey Bill has attracted a number of theories about its historic use. Observations of scuba divers have encouraged ideas of the reef being the site of a Roman fort, whilst medieval maps suggest an 'ancient city' on the reef. These suggestions have become accepted as fact, although never critically examined. The reef is known to have been quarried for building stone, although the circumstances surrounding its cessation have never been adequately investigated. Documents preserved in The National Archives have verified the historic accounts of the Mixon Reef as a quarry, and the prohibition of quarrying by the Admiralty in 1827. This information, together with geological and archaeological knowledge of the region, allows a new understanding of the Mixon Reef and the exploitation of its stone.

The Battle of Lewes, 1264, by David Carpenter and Christopher Whittick, published 2014 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 152, article) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 18617] & The Keep [LIB/508097] & S.A.S. library   View Online

In 1987 David Carpenter published a new account of the battles of Lewes and Evesham, which included a radical re-interpretation of the evidence for the site of the former. To commemorate the battle's 750th anniversary, we revisit the engagement of 14 May 1264, augmenting the 1987 text with information which has emerged since then (and which further bolsters its findings), and offering further thoughts on the nature and significance of the clash between Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester, and King Henry III and his son the Lord Edward.

A Mirror to Armageddon: The landscape of Sussex in the First World War: trench systems, defence plans and military training in Sussex 1914-1918, by Peter Chasseaud, published 2014 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 152, article) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 18617] & The Keep [LIB/508097] & S.A.S. library   View Online

This paper developed from research undertaken for a joint paper by Martin Brown and Peter Chasseaud, presented by the former at the conference The Edge of Dark - Sussex During the Great War organised by the Sussex Archaeological Society in association with the University of Sussex Centre for Continuing Education, and held at the University of Sussex in 2001. Much historical work has been done on Sussex in the First World War, and some has been published on the wartime landscape; several studies (e.g. Curwen 1930; Longstaff-Tyrrell 2000, 2002; Grehan and Mace 2012) include much valuable visual material (Fig. 1). Fixed fortifications have long been the focus of serious attention (Saunders 1989, 1997). This study focuses on the changes in the landscape associated with the war, on the sources for these, and on visual representations of the wartime topography - photographs, maps, paintings, etc. It aims to establish a clearer visual image of the terrain during the war, and to aid future archaeological work by contextualising earthworks, artefacts and other material and documentary evidence. The rapid growth of conflict landscape archaeology in the UK and internationally (Freeman & Pollard 2001; Saunders et al. 2009) is creating a theoretical and methodological framework within which the investigation of Sussex sites clearly falls. This work includes a gazetteer of Sussex 1914-18 sites. The author is, among other things, a historian of military survey and mapping, and has acted as a consultant on First World War battlefields to the West Flanders Government and to the British All Party Group on War Graves and Battlefield Heritage. His most recent book, Mapping the First World War, was published by HarperCollins in November 2013. A list of abbreviations used can be found immediately before the References.

Landscapes of War and Peace: Sussex, the South Downs and the Western Front 1914-18, by John Godfrey, published 2014 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 152, article) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 18617] & The Keep [LIB/508097] & S.A.S. library   View Online

This article explores how and to what extent an attachment to the localities and landscapes of the county of Sussex (and in particular the chalk landscapes of the South Downs) motivated and sustained soldiers of the Royal Sussex Regiment fighting on the Western Front during the First World War. It discusses the significance of locality and landscape as creations of the mind, and explores the origins and significance of the concept of 'the South Country' in the development of notions of England and Englishness in the years immediately before the First World War. The relevant history of the Royal Sussex Regiment is discussed, and 12 soldiers who fought with the Regiment on the Western Front, and whose letters, diaries or memoirs survive, are introduced. The article comments on the nature of these records and their reliability for historical research purposes. It analyses how, and to what extent, these men were motivated in their decisions to enlist in the Regiment and then to endure the conditions of 20th-century warfare by thoughts of their homes in Sussex and the localities and landscapes with which they were familiar in their civilian lives, and the significance of these motivating factors compared with others, such as patriotism, comradeship and ambition. The article concludes that considerations of locality and landscape were material in motivating these 12 soldiers to enlist and to endure, although other factors are probably equally important in understanding their motivations.

'Scattered squalor quickly defied any concerted plan': Sweet Hill, Patcham 1921-1925, by Geoffrey Mead, published 2014 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 152, article) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 18617] & The Keep [LIB/508097] & S.A.S. library   View Online

The early 1920s were a critical time in UK housing provision. Although there were some planned local authority housing schemes, such as Moulsecoomb, Brighton, there were many unplanned landscapes of informal settlement appearing on urban fringes and in rural locations across the country. Sweet Hill, Patcham, was one such. This article explores some of the previously hidden history of this settlement, which would have been mirrored across many of the marginal landscapes of Britain.

The lady fired splendidly': Lewes and the Women's Suffrage Campaign, by Frances Stenlake, published 2014 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 152, article) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 18617] & The Keep [LIB/508097] & S.A.S. library   View Online

In its reaction to the women's suffrage campaign conducted throughout the country during the years preceding the First World War, Lewes hardly lived up to its reputation for radicalism. Although certain eminent Lewesians, exhorted by members of the non-militant Brighton and Hove Women's Franchise Society, eventually formed a Lewes branch of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies, this was of limited effect in promoting the cause. The problem for constitutional campaigners was that, in Lewes, confusion between non-militant Suffragists and law-breaking 'Suffragettes' prevailed. The proximity of Brighton and the well-publicised activity of militant activists there, members of the Women's Social and Political Union, caused the authorities in Lewes to be in constant fear of infiltration and destruction of property, especially while the organiser of the Brighton and Hove branch of the WSPU lodged in Southover High Street. The detention in Lewes Prison of women's suffrage campaigners convicted of criminal action contributed to the popular conception of all female campaigners for women's suffrage as bogeywomen, fit only to be impersonated by cross-dressed men in torch-lit processions, and burnt as effigies at Bonfire. The local press provides the only documentation of women's suffrage campaigning in Lewes, but there was no particularly sympathetic newspaper printed in the town. The success of the Cuckfield and Central Sussex Women's Suffrage Society, by contrast, owed much to the assured support of the Mid Sussex Times, printed in Haywards Heath, which repeatedly emphasised that, as a branch of the NUWSS, the CCSWSS was constitutional and law-abiding.

Archaeological investigations at 29-35 High Street, Crawley, West Sussex, by Simon Stevens, published 2014 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 152, article) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 18617] & The Keep [LIB/508097] & S.A.S. library   View Online

A small-scale archaeological excavation was undertaken at 29-35 High Street, Crawley following an evaluation of the site by trial-trenching. A small group of medieval and post-medieval features was uncovered including, significantly, the remains of an ironworking ore roasting hearth. Other features included pits and the remains of a number of late post-medieval buildings.

Romano-British activity and medieval clay extraction at Osborne House, Chichester, West Sussex, by Julia Sulikowska, published 2014 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 152, article) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 18617] & The Keep [LIB/508097] & S.A.S. library   View Online

Excavations on land at Osborne House, Chichester revealed evidence for activity dating from the early neolithic to the post-medieval period. Some residual early neolithic worked flint, as well as a few sherds of Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age pottery, were recovered from later features. A field boundary ditch provided evidence for Romano-British agricultural activity, and residual Romano-British finds, including pottery, ceramic building material and copper alloy objects, were retrieved from later features. The main focus of activity is related to the clay quarrying of late 12th, 13th and 14th century date, located in an unoccupied waste area within the outskirts of Chichester. It is likely that clay extracted from the site was used for pottery production, such as at the kiln sites near Southgate just north of the site, as it was a common practice to obtain clay in the vicinity of the production site. A number of possible medieval and post-medieval pits, some of which might have been used for rubbish disposal, were also recorded.

The courts of true love, by Peter Wilkinson, published 2014 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 152) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 18617] & The Keep [LIB/508097] & S.A.S. library   View Online

The story of Richard Tayler and Margaret Osborne has two important elements. First, it tells in vivid detail the vicissitudes of a relationship spanning the first 18 years of the 17th century. The events are mainly recounted by observers, ostensibly from the neutral stance of a court witness, yet in many instances revealing their own involvement and sympathies. The range of the subject matter is remarkable. The initial tensions between gentry and yeoman families lead into a saga: courtship, elopement, parental opposition which produces a legal battle, the imposition of an arranged marriage, a young woman's resistance and eventual desertion and, finally, a further legal battle to achieve the remarkable denouement of annulment (divorce in modern terms) and remarriage. Secondly, the medium through which the story is delivered is as significant as the events themselves. The ecclesiastical court process provides a series of witness statements aimed at establishing an impartial narrative of events, rather than a condemnatory description of crime. The court's principles are based on compromise and negotiation rather than the determination of incontrovertible guilt or innocence. But its final decisions demonstrate real power (underestimated by many modern commentators) to enforce major life changes on the litigants who opted to use the system.

East Lodge, the Brighton home of George O'Brien Wyndham, 3rd Earl of Egremont, by Sue Berry, published 2014 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 152, article, pp.233-236) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 18617] & The Keep [LIB/508097] & S.A.S. library