Bibliography - History: {1066-1154} - Norman
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Ancient and Modern History of Lewes and Brighthelmston in which are compressed the most interesting events of the County at Large, under the Regnian, Roman, Saxon and Norman Settlements, by Paul Dunvan, published 1795 (555 pp., Lewes: William Lee) accessible at: & West Sussex Libraries & East Sussex Libraries

The author is not named but the book is attributed to Paul Dunvan

On the Castle of Bellencombre, the original Seat of the Family of De Warenne, in Normandy, by M. A. Lower, published 1850 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 3, article, pp.29-34) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 2088] & The Keep [LIB/500222] & S.A.S. library   View Online

On the Battle of Hastings, by Mark Antony Lower, M.A., F.S.A., published 1853 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 6, article, pp.15-40) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 2091] & The Keep [LIB/500225] & S.A.S. library   View Online

Essays on The Invasion of Britain by Julius Caesar; The Invasion of Britain by Plautius, and by Claudius Caesar; The Early Military Policy of the Romans in Britain; the Battle of Hastings. With Correspondence, by George Biddlee Airy, published 1865 (London: Nichols & Sons)

The Norman Origin of the Family of Pelham, by Mark Antony Lower, published 1872 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 24, article, pp.183-188) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 2109] & The Keep [LIB/500242] & S.A.S. library   View Online

Observations on the Parentage of Gundreda, the daughter of William, Duke of Normandy, and wife of William de Warenne, by Sir George F. Duckett, published 1878 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 28, article, pp.114-126) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 2113] & The Keep [LIB/500246] & S.A.S. library   View Online

The Early Genealogical History of the House of Arundel: Being an Account of the Origin of the Families of Montgomery, Albini, Fitzalan, and Howard, from the Time of the Conquest of Normandy by Rollo the Great, by John Pym Yeatman, published 1882 (Mitchell and Hughes) accessible at: West Sussex Libraries

The Family of De Broase, 1066-1326, by Dudley George Cary Elwes, published 1883 (pamphlet) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 8876]

The Battle Abbey Roll with some account of the Norman Lineages, Vol I, by Duchess of Cleveland, published 1889 (352 pp., London: John Murray) accessible at: East Sussex Libraries   View Online

The Battle Abbey Roll with some account of the Norman Lineages, Vol II, by Duchess of Cleveland, published 1889 (389 pp., London: John Murray) accessible at: East Sussex Libraries   View Online

The Battle Abbey Roll with some account of the Norman Lineages, Vol III, by Duchess of Cleveland, published 1889 (528 p., London: John Murray) accessible at: East Sussex Libraries   View Online

The Battle of Hastings, by J. H. Round, M.A., published 1899 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 42, article, pp.54-63) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 2127] & The Keep [LIB/500260] & S.A.S. library   View Online

The Battle of Hastings, by William A. Raper, published 1899 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 42, article, pp.64-72) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 2127] & The Keep [LIB/500260] & S.A.S. library   View Online

The Battle of Hastings, by Sir George F. Duckett, published 1899 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 42, article, pp.73-74) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 2127] & The Keep [LIB/500260] & S.A.S. library   View Online

Norman Carvings at Shermanbury Church, by Philip M. Johnston, published 1903 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 46, notes & queries, pp.231-233) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 2131] & The Keep [LIB/500264] & S.A.S. library

Earl Roger de Montgomery and the Battle of Hastings, by Philip Mainwaring Johnston, published 1904 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 47, article, pp.109-117) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 2132] & The Keep [LIB/500265] & S.A.S. library   View Online

The Battle Field of Hastings, by F. Baring, published January 1905 in The English Historical Review (vol. xx, issue lxxvii, article, pp.65-70, ISSN: 0013-8266)   View Online

The Malfosse at the Battle of Hastings, by F. H. Baring, published January 1907 in The English Historical Review (vol. xxii, issue lxxxv, article, pp.69-72, ISSN: 0013-8266)   View Online

The Cinque Ports under Henry II, by A. Ballard, published October 1909 in The English Historical Review (vol. xxiv, issue xcvi, article, pp.732-733, ISSN: 0013-8266) accessible at: University of Sussex Library   View Online

Norman Seats of the Families of Buci and Covert, by J. Horace Round, published 1920 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 61, notes & queries, p.142) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 2146] & The Keep [LIB/500279] & S.A.S. library   View Online

Some Observations on the Battle of Hastings, by H. J. Matthews, published 1928 in Sussex County Magazine (vol. II no. 2, article, pp.56-59) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 9327] & The Keep [LIB/500138]

Notes on some events preceding the Battle of Hastings, by Edward Shoosmith, published 1928 in Sussex County Magazine (vol. II no. 12, article, pp.549-550) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 9327] & The Keep [LIB/500138]

Eric Gill, With a Critical Monograph by Charles Marriott. , by Joseph Thorp, published 1929 (viii + 27 pp., London: Cape) accessible at: West Sussex Libraries

Sussex History Reconsidered. 2 - The Norman Occupation of Sussex, by G. O. Whitehead, published 1929 in Sussex County Magazine (vol. III no. 2, article, pp.79-83) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 2307] & The Keep [LIB/500139]

The Surrey-Sussex Glass Industry. II - The Normandy Settlers, 1226-1567, by S. E. Winbolt, M.A., published 1931 in Sussex County Magazine (vol. V no. 5, article, pp.335-340) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 2310] & The Keep [LIB/500174]

An Early Norman Castle Site in North Sussex, by Hugh Braun, F.S.A., published 1936 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 77, article, pp.251-253) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 2162] & The Keep [LIB/500352] & S.A.S. library

The Norman and Early Plantagenet Earls of Arundel, by C. E. Snowden, M.A., published 1937 in Sussex County Magazine (vol. XI no. 11, article, pp.706-710) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 2316][Lib 9332] & The Keep [LIB/500182]

A Norman Tympanum in Sussex [at Seaford], by Dr. J. G. Taylor, F.S.A, published May 1940 in Sussex Notes & Queries (vol. VIII no. 2, article, pp.48-50) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 8865][Lib 2207] & The Keep [LIB/500210] & S.A.S. library

Further evidence of the shape of the East End of the Original Norman Church of St. Mary De Haura, New Shoreham, by H. Cheal, J. Hoare and F. H. Witten, published November 1950 in Sussex Notes & Queries (vol. XIII no. 4, article, pp.78-80) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 8231] & The Keep [LIB/500215] & S.A.S. library

The Field of Hastings, by Lt. Col. C. H. Lemmon, R.A., published 1957 (55 pp., London: Budd & Gillatt) accessible at: East Sussex Libraries

This gives a clear acount of the Battle, very easy to follow. The author has carefully considered the roads and tracks then available, the lie of the land and the then configuration of the sea-coast. The notes (which merit careful study) are detached from the text so as not to mar its continuity. The author considers that Harold was not killed by the arrow in his eye but in the final hand-to-hand melee by a party of four Norman knights - is there not a tradition that he survived to become a monk of Waltham Abbey?

The Bishops of Chichester and the Administration of their Diocese from the Norman Conquest to 1207, with a Collection of Acta, by H. Mayr-Harting, 1961 at Oxford University (D. Phil. Thesis)

Where was Malfosse? the End of the Battle of Hastings, by C. T. Chevalier, published 1963 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 101, article, pp.1-14) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 2186] & The Keep [LIB/500328] & S.A.S. library

The Rapes of Sussex and the Norman Conquest, by J. F. A. Mason, published 1964 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 102, article, pp.68-93) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 2187] & The Keep [LIB/500327] & S.A.S. library

Saxon-Norman Remains at Telscombe, by E. W. Holden, published May 1965 in Sussex Notes & Queries (vol. XVI no. 5, article, pp.154-158) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 8234] & The Keep [LIB/500218] & S.A.S. library

The Norman Conquest: Its Setting and Impact, by Four commerative articles introduced by C. T. Chevallier, published 1966 (Battle & District Historical Society & printed at Eyre & Spottiswoode) accessible at: Battle & District Historical Society

This book is compiled by the Battle and District Historical Society to commemorate the ninth centenary of the Battle of Hastings and contains an Introduction by C. T. Chevallier and four Articles by Authorities:

• 1st on the Anglo-Saxon Achievement by Professor Dorothy Whitelock
• 2nd on Williams's Life and character by Professor David C. Douglas
• 3rd on the campaign of 1066 by Lt.-Col. Charles H. Lemmon;
• 4th on the effects of the Conquest by Professor Frank Barlow.

These are all of great interest and very readable but only the 3rd has any relation to archaeology. This is an account not only of the Battle (which is described in detail with regard to all the other often conflicting accounts) but gives details of the movements before the Battle and William's subsequent campaign through south-east England until the surrender of London. Great attention is paid to the topography and with the aid of clear maps the nature and events of the battle can be followed clearly.

Norman Castles in Britain, by D. F. Renn, published 1968 (John Baker) accessible at: East Sussex Libraries

The Bayeux tapestry and the Norman invasion. With an introduction and a translation from the contemporary account of William of Poitiers, by Leslie Guy Melville Thorpe, published 1973 (110 pp., London: Folio Society) accessible at: British Library & East Sussex Libraries

The Normans and their world, by Jack Lindsay, published 8 July 1974 (ix + 530 pp., HarperCollins Publishers Ltd., ISBN-10: 0246105003 & ISBN-13: 9780246105004) accessible at: & West Sussex Libraries & East Sussex Libraries

The Domesday records of Sussex, by Dennis Haselgrove, published 1 January 1978 in The South Saxons, edited by P. Brandon (pp.190-220, Chichester: Phillimore & Co. Ltd., ISBN-10: 0850332400 & ISBN-13: 9780850332407) accessible at: The Keep [LIB/501557] & West Sussex Libraries & East Sussex Libraries

The Norman Conquest and Church Architecture in Sussex, by J. J. Winterbotham, 1981 at London University (M.Phil. Thesis)

The Norman Conquest and Beyond, by Frank Barlow, published 1 July 1983 (328 pp., Hambledon Continuum, ISBN-10: 0907628192 & ISBN-13: 9780907628194)

Battle of Hastings and the Story of Battle Abbey, by Jonathan Coad and Andrew Boxer, published 1984 (32 pp., Historic Buildings and Monuments Commission for England, ISBN-10: 1850740003 & ISBN-13: 9781850740001) accessible at: R.I.B.A. Library & East Sussex Libraries

Battle Abbey and the Battle of Hastings, by Plantagenet Somerset Fry, published 1 January 1984 (23 pp., Pitkin Pictorials, ISBN-10: 1850740046 & ISBN-13: 9781850740049)

A Brief Look at the Battle of Hastings - 14 October 1066, by A. P. S. de Redman, published September 1984 in Sussex Family Historian (vol. 6 no. 3, article, pp.101-105) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 9788] & The Keep [LIB/501258] & CD SFH40 from S.F.H.G.

The Bayeux Tapestry: the Battle of Hastings and the Norman Conquest, by John Collingwood Bruce, published 1 August 1987 (reprint of 1856 edition, 166 pp. & 32 pp. of plates, London: Bracken Books, ISBN-10: 185170101X & ISBN-13: 9781851701018) accessible at: British Library

Predatory Kinship and the Creation of Norman Power, 840-1066, by Eleanor Searle, published October 1988 (367 pp., University of California, ISBN-10: 0520062760 & ISBN-13: 9780520062764)

1066, Origin of a Nation: Story of Battle, Sussex, by Michael Clint Phillips, published May 1989 (3rd revised edition, 48 pp., published by the author, ISBN-10: 0951665901 & ISBN-13: 9780951665909) accessible at: East Sussex Libraries

John Le Neve: Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066-1300: V Chichester Diocese, by Diana E. Greenway, published 1996 accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 13148]

The Battle of Hastings: Sources and Interpretations, edited by Stephen Morillo, published 16 May 1996 (xxxii + 230 pp., Woodbridge : Boydell Press, ISBN-10: 0851156193 & ISBN-13: 9780851156194) accessible at: British Library & East Sussex Libraries

The Battle of Hastings is a unique collection of materials focused on one of the most significant battles in European history. It includes all the primary sources for the battle, including pictorial, and seminal accounts of the battle by the major historians of the last two centuries. Stephen Morillo, in his own important piece, first sets the scene, describing the political situation in western Europe in the mid-eleventh century, and the events of 1066. He then introduces the sources, reviewing the perspective of their medieval authors, and traces the history of writing about the battle. An important companion to the sources and interpretations is the set of original maps of the major stages of the battle, from first contact in the early morning of 14 October 1066 to final pursuit in the late evening darkness.

The Battle of Hastings 1066 and the story of Battle Abbey, by Plantagenet Somerset Fry, published 1 January 1998 (24 pp., English Heritage, ISBN-10: 1850741859 & ISBN-13: 9781850741855) accessible at: British Library & West Sussex Libraries & East Sussex Libraries

The Battle of Hastings, by Jim Bradbury, published September 1998 (224 pp., Sutton Publishing, ISBN-10: 075091291X & ISBN-13: 9780750912914) accessible at: West Sussex Libraries & East Sussex Libraries

Battle of Hastings and the Story of Battle Abbey, by Jonathan Coad and Andrew Boxer, published 25 January 1999 (36 pp., English Heritage, ISBN-10: 1850746966 & ISBN-13: 9781850746966)

The Battle of Hastings, by Jim Bradbury, published 2000 (revised edition, 288 pp., The History Press, ISBN-10: 0750925000 & ISBN-13: 9780750925006) accessible at: East Sussex Libraries

Reconstructing the battle move by move, Jim Bradbury recounts the story of 1066, with a particular emphasis on the military background and covering topics including the armies, the campaigns preceding Hastings, battle tactics and the effects of the conquest. Battle plans and maps are also included.

New evidence for Saxo-Norman settlement at Chantry Green House, Steyning, West Sussex, 1989, by Maureen Bennell, published 2000 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 138, shorter article, pp.225-231) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 14509] & The Keep [LIB/500298] & S.A.S. library   View Online

1066 Malfosse Walk, compiled by Neil Clephane-Cameron and Joanne Lawrence, published 1 February 2000 (15 pp., Battle & District Historical Society, ISBN-10: 1903099005 & ISBN-13: 9781903099001) accessible at: Battle & District Historical Society & East Sussex Libraries

Hastings 1066: Norman Cavalry and Saxon Infantry, by Thierry Leprevost and Georges Bernage, published 2002 (80 pp., France: Heimdal, Chateau de Damigny, ISBN-10: 2840481502 & ISBN-13: 9782840481508) accessible at: East Sussex Libraries

October 14th 1066: Guillaume, Duke of Normandy lands in Sussex, crushes King Harold and the Saxon Army and claims the crown of England. This new book reconstructs in detail this great medieval military operation: precise accounts follow the action step-by-step from the initial landing in Pevensey Bay until final success on the field at Battle. The book is illustrated in colour throughout with the appropriate sequences from the Bayeux Tapestry, as well as location photographs from the historic sites today, archaeological documents from the 11th century. All of this allows the reader to understand fully and accurately the course of the military operation and weaponry used in 1066.

The Norwegian Invasion of England in 1066 , by Kelly DeVries, published 25 September 2003 (334, Boydell Press & printed at Greenman Enterprise, Wadhurst, ISBN-10: 1843830272 & ISBN-13: 9781843830276) accessible at: West Sussex Libraries

n September 25, 1066, less than three weeks before William defeated King Harold II Godwinson at the battle of Hastings, that same Harold had been victorious over his other opponent of 1066, King Haraldr Hardrádi of Norway at the battle of Stamford Bridge. It was an impressive victory, driving an invading army of Norwegians from the earldom of Northumbria; but it was to cost Harold dear. In telling the story of this neglected battle, Kelly DeVries traces the rise and fall of a family of English warlords, the Godwins, as well as that of the equally impressive Norwegian warlord Hardrádi.

The Battle of Hastings 1066, by M. K. Lawson, published 1 October 2003 (304 pp., Tempus, ISBN-10: 0752426893 & ISBN-13: 9780752426891) accessible at: The Keep [LIB/503827] & East Sussex Libraries

1066 remains the most evocative date in English history, when Harold was defeated by William the Conqueror and England changed overnight from Saxon to Norman rule. It has long been believed that, according to the Bayeux Tapestry, Harold was shot in the eye by an arrow. M. K. Lawson argues that the tapestry was badly restored in the 19th century, and that we should not necessarily believe what we see. He goes to sources that depict the tapestry before that restoration and reveals some breathtaking insights which will revolutionize the way we view both the battle and the death of England's last Saxon king.

The Medieval Sheriffs of Surrey and Sussex 1066-1400, by Michael J Burchall, published 2005 (pamphlet) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 15543]

Monuments to God and Man: Cruciform plan churches in Sussex and the Norman aristocracy, by Richard J. Nieman, published December 2009 in Sussex Past & Present (no. 119, article, p.9, ISSN: 1357-7417) accessible at: The Keep [LIB/500475] & S.A.S. library   View Online

A substantial truth, to which every Sussex resident can surely attest, in architectural terms, is the legacy of countless generations of masons and craftsmen active during the Middle Ages. Of the myriad of extant monuments to consider this research examines the cruciform parish churches and chapels of the Anglo-Norman period c. 1066-c. 1200. Not only was this a particularly intriguing period in Sussex from a political point of view, it was also one of intense architectural activity and change.

1066: A New History of the Norman Conquest, by Peter Rex, published 15 April 2011 (302 pp., Amberley Publishing, ISBN-10: 1445603845 & ISBN-13: 9781445603841) accessible at: West Sussex Libraries & East Sussex Libraries

A radical retelling of the most important event in English history - the Norman invasion of 1066. The Norman Conquest is the single most important event in English history. On this invasion and 'regime change' pivoted the second millennium of English history. This is well recognised, what is not is how long and hard the English people fought to deny William 'the Bastard', Duke of Normandy his prize. Rather than being the smooth transition peddled by pro-Norman historians, the Norman Conquest was a brutal and violent takeover by an army of occupation. Unknown thousands of rebellious thegns resisted the Norman regime, the most famous being Hereward, but there were plenty of willing collaborators among England's clergy, who pushed for William to be crowned king. In return he let them retain their sees and abbacies, as well as the vast tracts of land. Peter Rex tells the whole story of the Conquest of England by the Normans from its genesis in the deathbed decision of King Edward the Confessor in January 1066 to recommend Harold Godwinson as his successor, to the crushing of the last flickers of English resistance in June 1076.

Battle Abbey and Battle Churches Since 1066, by Keith D. Foord, published 1 November 2011 (164 pp. + 73 illus. & 36 plates, Battle Methodist church, ISBN-10: 0956959709 & ISBN-13: 9780956959706) accessible at: Battle & District Historical Society & East Sussex Libraries

Although published by the Battle Methodist Church to raise funds for its new building project this work is, as the author states in his introductory chapter, 'an ecumenical book'. Dr Foord draws upon a rich variety of sources, from Searle's classic 'Lordship and Community' to unpublished papers belonging to the respective churches of Battle and documents located in the East Sussex Record Office. Included with the bibliography is an interesting list of web-sites, and the 164 pages of narrative benefit from a comprehensive index. The book is profusely illustrated with 73 black and white illustrations and 36 colour plates.

This book contains varied and sometimes extraordinary stories of the Churches of Battle and their founders, people and benefactors, from the Battle of Hastings through the foundation of the Abbey Church until 2011. Included are the changes to the various churches over the years and a well-illustrated chapter on the Timeline from 1070 to the future.

The Twittens: The Saxon and Norman Lanes of Lewes, by Kim Clark, published 10 July 2012 (62 pp., The Friends of Lewes Society & printed at Pomegranate Press, ISBN-10: 1907242309 & ISBN-13: 9781907242304) accessible at: The Friends of Lewes & East Sussex Libraries

South of Lewes High Street runs a filigree of narrow twittens between ancient flint walls - many created in Saxon times, others developed after the Normans arrived. The great castle probably obliterated a similar pattern of footpaths north of the High Street, but many fascinating lanes remain here, too.
In this handsomely illustrated book published on behalf of the Friends of Lewes, Kim Clark investigates the history of the twittens, and makes a strong case for their conservation at a time when their character is threatened by careless development.

The Battle of Hastings 1066: The Uncomfortable Truth - revealing the true location of England's most famous battle, by John Grehan and Martin Mace, with a foreward by Dame Vera Lynn, O.B.E., D.B.E., published 29 October 2012 (192 pp., Pen and Sword Books, ISBN-10: 1848848277 & ISBN-13: 9781848848276) accessible at: West Sussex Libraries & East Sussex Libraries

The Battle of Hastings is the most defining event in English history. As such, its every detail has been analysed by scholars and interpreted by historians. Yet one of the most fundamental aspect of the battle - the place upon which it was fought - has never been seriously questioned, until now. Could it really be the case that for almost 1,000 years everyone has been studying the wrong location? In this in-depth study, the authors examine the early sources and the modern interpretations to unravel the compulsive evidence that historians have chosen to ignore because it does not fit the traditional view of where the battle was fought. Most importantly, the authors investigate the terrain of the battlefield and the archaeological data to reveal exactly where history was made.

Shock Dating Result: A victim of the Norman invasion?, by Edwina Livesey, published August 2014 in Sussex Past & Present (no. 133, article, p.6, ISSN: 1357-7417) accessible at: The Keep [LIB/507923] & S.A.S. library   View Online

The skeleton of a man who died from violent wounds and thought to have possible associations with the 1264 Battle of Lewes has turned out to be even more remarkable. Radiocarbon analysis by SUERC at the University of Glasgow carried out on behalf of Sussex Archaeological Society has revealed that the skeleton does in fact date to 1064 +/- 28 years and is therefore very likely to be associated with the Norman Conquest. This makes the skeleton unique, as there are currently no other remains of individuals who died violently known to date from this period.