Bibliography - S.A.C. 2001 (vol. 139)
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Sussex Archaeological Collections: Relating to the history and antiquities of East and West Sussex, published 2001 (vol. 139, Sussex Archæological Society) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 14916] & The Keep [LIB/500292] & S.A.S. library   View Online

A Mesolithic and later prehistoric flintworking site at East and West Hills, Pyecombe, West Sussex, by Chris Butler, published 2001 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 139, article, pp.7-25) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 14916] & The Keep [LIB/500292] & S.A.S. library   View Online

In 1985 the author initiated a field walking project (completed in 1994) covering a 1-km-square area of Downland, on East and West Hills, Pyecombe (Fig. 1). Previously, many flint artefacts had been recovered by amateur flint collectors from this area (Gardiner 1988), and the wide range of pieces recovered from East and West Hills suggested that there had been activity here during the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age. The pieces recovered by these early flint collectors were mostly finely-retouched implements such as arrowheads, scrapers and knives, with very little debitage being collected. To obtain a clearer picture of the prehistoric activity on East and West Hills a systematic survey of the area was carried out (Butler 1988).

Evidence of Sussex prehistoric ritual traditions: the archaeological investigation of a Bronze Age funerary monument situated on Baily's Hill near Crowlink, Eastbourne, by Christopher Greatorex, published 2001 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 139, article, pp.27-73) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 14916] & The Keep [LIB/500292] & S.A.S. library   View Online

During the summer of 1998, a prehistoric monument located on Baily's Hill, near Crowlink, East Sussex, was totally excavated in advance of its impending destruction through coastal erosion. The investigation undertaken by the University College London Field Archaeology Unit established that a number of cremation pits cut into an area of natural chalk demarcated by a shallow, possibly encircling ditch, represented a formative phase of Late Neolithic/Early Bronze Age burial at the site. No evidence for an in-situ 'barrow' or capping contemporaneous with such activity was discovered. However, all the recorded burials, including the partial remains of an adult male inhumation, were covered with an oval-shaped cairn encompassing a typical later Bronze Age assemblage of over 15,000 humanly-struck flints. The proposed date of this upstanding structure was supported by the associated presence of Late Bronze Age pottery. Yet Neolithic, Beaker and Early Bronze Age sherds were also recovered from the body of the mound. It would thus appear that residual material derived from previous activity on the downland ridge had been scraped up and incorporated into the cairn matrix. Clearly, the Crowlink monument had retained, or at least recaptured, a position of ritual significance within the local landscape many years after its period of initial use.

Chanctonbury Ring revisited: the excavations of 1988-91, by David R. Rudling, published 2001 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 139, article, pp.75-121) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 14916] & The Keep [LIB/500292] & S.A.S. library   View Online

The Great Storm of October 1987 caused major destruction to the trees at Chanctonbury Ring, an important prehistoric and Romano-British archaeological site. Subsequent proposals to replant the destroyed trees led to a series of trial excavations within the Ring in order both to assess the archaeological remains to be affected by the proposed replanting scheme, and to re-locate the two main Roman masonry buildings discovered during tree planting works in 1909. Along with the results of the archaeological investigations of 1987-91 the findings of earlier investigations, including those associated with a major programme of tree-planting in 1977, have been reassessed. This fresh analysis suggests an earlier, Late Bronze Age, date for the construction of the hillfort, and identifies the 'ancillary' Romano-British masonry building as a polygonal temple with a rectangular entrance chamber. Large quantities of pigs' teeth and skull fragments found in the vicinity of this temple indicate that it may have been associated with a cult of the boar.

Hamsey near Lewes, East Sussex: the implications of recent finds of Late Anglo-Saxon metalwork for its importance in the Pre-Conquest period, by Gabor Thomas, published 2001 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 139, article, pp.123-132) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 14916] & The Keep [LIB/500292] & S.A.S. library   View Online

Items of Late Anglo-Saxon metalwork discovered from a site in the parish of Hamsey are described and the implications of the finds discussed. The dates attributed to the metalwork allow activity on the site to be assigned to the 9th to the 11th centuries AD. Comparative evidence suggests that the metalwork may be associated with a precursor of the later medieval manorial curia of 'Hamme' (Hamsey), comprising the parish church of St Peter and the adjacent site of a medieval manorial residence. It is concluded that metal-detected finds represent a neglected source of evidence, with the potential to advance our understanding of settlement and of the regional economy of Sussex during the Mid-Late Saxon period.

Excavations on a medieval site at Little High Street, Worthing, West Sussex, 1997, by Julie Lovell, published 2001 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 139, article, pp.133-145) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 14916] & The Keep [LIB/500292] & S.A.S. library   View Online

A rare opportunity to undertake excavations within the town revealed two grain-dryers, pits and a sequence of boundary and enclosure ditches spanning possibly the 10th to early 15th centuries. These are likely to have lain behind buildings on the High Street frontage and reflect Worthing's development as a nucleated village settlement from c. 1200. The finds include a locally-important assemblage of medieval pottery.

Excavations on a late medieval ironworking site at London Road, Crawley, West Sussex, 1997, by Nicholas Cooke, published 2001 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 139, article, pp.147-167) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 14916] & The Keep [LIB/500292] & S.A.S. library   View Online

Excavations by Wessex Archaeology in advance of redevelopment of land off London Road in Crawley revealed considerable evidence for late medieval ironworking on the northern edge of the town. This included substantial deposits of smelting and forging slag, several ironworking hearths and a sequence of associated clay floors. Sufficient evidence was recovered to suggest a variety of ironworking processes including ore roasting, smelting and forging/smithing took place either on, or in close proximity to, the site. Of particular interest were the remains of a structure, probably a smithy, in one of the properties on the London Road frontage. Archaeomagnetic dating indicates that the main period of ironworking was during the late 14th and early 15th centuries, a date broadly supported by the small quantity of pottery recovered. A series of regular field boundaries to the west of the street frontage appeared to represent a planned medieval field system, probably established in the 13th century. Post-medieval activity, not associated with ironworking, was represented by the remains of a 17th-century building and well, and three 19th-century buildings.

The family circle and career of William Burrell, antiquary, by John H. Farrant, published 2001 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 139, article, pp.169-185) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 14916] & The Keep [LIB/500292] & S.A.S. library   View Online

In the 1770s and '80s Dr William Burrell (1732-96) formed the antiquarian collection which underpinned the Sussex county histories of 1815-35. Born into the mercantile community of London with connections to the great joint stock and insurance companies and to government, he made his career in the capital as a civil lawyer and an Excise Commissioner. He never lived in Sussex, and his researches may have been prompted by his bachelor uncle who, with his father, used their commercial wealth to buy back much of the ancestral estate in Sussex and who built for himself a country seat at West Grinstead.

The Lewes Library Society in the Victorian Period, 1831-97, by Daniel Waley, published 2001 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 139, article, pp.187-190) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 14916] & The Keep [LIB/500292] & S.A.S. library   View Online

This article is a continuation of D. Waley and J. Goring, 'Lewes Library Society: the early years, 1785-1831', Sussex Archaeological Collections 138 (2000), 153-64. The Society encountered some financial difficulties in this period and slowly and reluctantly certain organizational changes were achieved, the principal one being the installation of a newsroom in 1857. In 1863 the Library moved as tenant to the newly built Fitzroy Memorial Library. In 1897 the Society was dissolved and the books were transferred to the corporation of Lewes under the terms of the Public Library Acts. This development was typical; except in a few major cities, subscription libraries no longer had a role since they had been superseded by municipal, commercial and academic libraries.

Brighton's railway workers in the 1850s, by June A. Sheppard, published 2001 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 139, article, pp.191-201) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 14916] & The Keep [LIB/500292] & S.A.S. library   View Online

The arrival of the railway in 1840/41 led to many changes in Brighton, including the provision of new employment opportunities on the trains, in the station, and in the workshops. Most of the railway workers lived in streets close to the station and workshops. The approximate numbers and types of workers in the 1850s are identified using both the records of the railway company itself and the 1851 Census Enumerators' Books. Birthplace details in the latter source show that many of the less-skilled jobs were filled by Sussex born men, while engine-drivers and workshop artisans had frequently migrated from more distant parts of the country. In a small sample of Sussex-born men, a smaller percentage appear to have come from an agricultural background than might have been expected.

Rural parish churches and the bereaved in Sussex after the First World War, by Keith Grieves, published 2001 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 139, article, pp.203-214) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 14916] & The Keep [LIB/500292] & S.A.S. library   View Online

In the past ten years much work has been undertaken on comparative approaches to the definition and study of communities of mourning in European states during and after the First World War. In the social organization of remembrance the roles of controlling institutions and self-elected secondary élites in generating a commemorative unity of purpose have been identified in regions and some localities. Micro studies need to be undertaken, however, especially in rural areas, to consider the utility of these concepts and processes in explaining the existence of consensus and conflict in war memorial debates in rural communities. In some parishes in Sussex the Anglican Church engendered social integration and moral order well into the 20th century and presumed that it would determine local responses to commemorating the fallen. In some villages without intimate relations of organized religion and social hierarchy, it encountered resistance. Expressions of division marked a dramatic moment of social dissonance in the long history of parochial governance. Some clergymen failed to acknowledge the growth of sectional interests, who sought social gains. Nonetheless, the heavenward path of the martyred soldier-saint was confirmed and wall tablets in parish churches became sites of mourning, where appropriately pre-modern symbolism conveyed a generalizing sense of the sacred. In many parishes in Sussex memorials, featuring inscribed names, spoke eloquently to the bereaved in the context of the Absent Dead. In conditions of total war local definitions of home mattered and rural parish churches brought a meaning which made bearable the enormity of loss in the immediate aftermath of war.

Horned scrapers and other prehistoric flintwork from Alfriston, East Sussex, by Chris Butler, published 2001 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 139, shorter article, pp.215-223) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 14916] & The Keep [LIB/500292] & S.A.S. library   View Online

A rare stone find of the Late Neolithic or Early Bronze Age from Swanborough Hill, Iford, by Mike Seager Thomas, published 2001 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 139, shorter article, pp.223-224) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 14916] & The Keep [LIB/500292] & S.A.S. library

An archaeological discovery on Brack Mount, Lewes, East Sussex, by Gabor Thomas, published 2001 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 139, shorter article, pp.224-227) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 14916] & The Keep [LIB/500292] & S.A.S. library   View Online

Excavations at Clothkits Warehouse Extension, Brooman's Lane, Lewes, by C.E. Knight-Farr, 1978, by Anne Locke, published 2001 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 139, shorter article, pp.227-234) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 14916] & The Keep [LIB/500292] & S.A.S. library

Bone-dry. An innovative, but possibly unsuccessful 18th century agricultural practice at Fishbourne, West Sussex, by John Manley and David Rudkin, published 2001 in Sussex Archæological Collections (vol. 139, shorter article, pp.234-240) accessible at: W.S.R.O. [Lib 14916] & The Keep [LIB/500292] & S.A.S. library